Onychorrhexis

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Onychorrhexis
Onychorrhexis in an adult
Synonyms Brittle nails
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Longitudinal ridging and splitting of the nail
Complications Increased risk of nail infection
Onset Can occur at any age
Duration Chronic
Types N/A
Causes Aging, trauma, nutritional deficiencies, psoriasis, lichen planus
Risks Aging, repeated trauma, exposure to chemicals
Diagnosis Clinical diagnosis
Differential diagnosis Onychoschizia, onychomycosis, psoriasis
Prevention Avoiding trauma, using moisturizers, wearing protective gloves
Treatment Moisturizers, biotin supplements, treating underlying conditions
Medication N/A
Prognosis Good with treatment
Frequency Common
Deaths N/A


A condition characterized by brittle nails


Onychorrhexis is a condition of the nails characterized by longitudinal ridges and brittleness. It is a common nail disorder that can affect both fingernails and toenails.

Signs and Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Individuals with onychorrhexis typically present with nails that have visible longitudinal ridges. These ridges can vary in depth and number, and the nails may appear thin and brittle. The condition can lead to nail splitting and may cause discomfort or pain if the nails break.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Onychorrhexis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of onychorrhexis is primarily clinical, based on the appearance of the nails. A healthcare provider may examine the nails and inquire about the patient's medical history and lifestyle factors. In some cases, laboratory tests may be conducted to rule out underlying systemic conditions or nutritional deficiencies.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment of onychorrhexis focuses on addressing the underlying cause. General recommendations include:

  • Ensuring adequate intake of essential nutrients through diet or supplements.
  • Protecting the nails from trauma by wearing gloves during activities that may damage them.
  • Using moisturizing creams or oils to keep the nails hydrated.
  • Avoiding harsh chemicals and excessive use of nail polish removers.

In cases where onychorrhexis is due to an underlying medical condition, treating that condition may improve nail health.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Preventive measures for onychorrhexis include maintaining a balanced diet, protecting the nails from physical damage, and avoiding exposure to harsh chemicals. Regular moisturizing and gentle nail care can also help maintain nail integrity.

See also[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD