Hidradenitis

Hidradenitis suppurativa
Synonyms	Acne inversa, Verneuil's disease
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Pain, redness, swelling, abscesses, scarring
Complications	Depression, anxiety, social isolation
Onset	Puberty
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetics, hormonal changes, immune system dysfunction
Risks	Obesity, smoking, family history
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Acne, folliculitis, boils, cellulitis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, surgery, laser therapy
Medication	Clindamycin, rifampicin, adalimumab
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	1% of the population
Deaths	Rare

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a long term skin disease characterized by the occurrence of inflamed and swollen lumps. These are typically painful and break open releasing fluid or pus. The areas most commonly affected are the underarms, under the breasts, and groin. Scar tissue remains after healing.

Causes

The exact cause of hidradenitis suppurativa is not well understood. It is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A primary defect in the follicular epithelium is thought to play a central role. This is supported by the observation that the condition commonly starts around puberty, and that it occurs near hair follicles where there are sweat glands.

Symptoms

The symptoms of hidradenitis suppurativa include painful, inflamed lumps under the skin, typically in the armpits, groin, buttocks, and under the breasts. These lumps can break open, or tunnels can form under the skin. The condition can be painful, and can cause significant scarring.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa is typically based on the symptoms. The disease is often misdiagnosed, and it may take several years for a correct diagnosis to be made. There is no specific test for hidradenitis suppurativa, but the condition can be identified by its characteristic symptoms and by ruling out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa can include medications, surgery, and lifestyle changes. Medications can help to reduce inflammation and prevent new breakouts. Surgery can be used to remove painful lumps and reduce scarring. Lifestyle changes, such as losing weight and quitting smoking, can also help to manage the symptoms of the condition.

See also

• Dermatology
• Skin disease
• Acne