Boil

A boil, also known as a furuncle, is a common, painful skin condition characterized by the inflammation of a hair follicle, leading to an infected, pus-filled bump on the skin. This condition is most often caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.

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OSC Microbio 21 02 boil

Clinical Presentation

A boil typically begins as a tender, reddened area on the skin that gradually becomes firm, hard, and more sensitive. Over time, the center of the boil softens and fills with pus that eventually forms a head that can be surgically opened or may spontaneously drain.

Causes

The primary cause of a boil is an infection of a hair follicle by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, although other bacteria and fungi can also cause boils. These infections occur when bacteria enter the skin through a hair follicle or a small cut or scratch.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of a boil is typically based on its appearance. In some cases, a sample of the pus may be sent to a laboratory to identify the type of bacteria causing the infection and to determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment.

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Treatment

Treatment for boils primarily involves relief of discomfort and protection of surrounding skin. Warm compresses can aid in the healing process by increasing blood circulation and promoting the formation of antibodies and white blood cells to fight the infection. If a boil doesn't drain on its own or is located in a sensitive area (like the face, spine, groin, or armpit), a healthcare provider may need to surgically open it. Antibiotics are generally reserved for extensive or recurrent infections or those that have spread to other areas.

Prevention

Preventing boils is largely a matter of good hygiene and self-care. This includes regularly washing with antibacterial soap, avoiding the sharing of personal items like towels or razors, keeping skin cuts and abrasions clean and covered until they're healed, and maintaining a healthy immune system through balanced nutrition and regular exercise.

Complications

While most boils can be treated at home, some can lead to serious complications. If left untreated or not properly cared for, boils can spread to surrounding tissues (cellulitis), cause an infection in the bloodstream (sepsis), or lead to the formation of an abscess.

See Also

• Skin abscess
• Staphylococcal infections
• Cellulitis
• Impetigo

References

Boil Resources
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