Erysipeloid of Rosenbach

Erysipeloid of Rosenbach is an infectious skin disease primarily affecting individuals who handle fish, meat, or poultry. It is caused by the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which is commonly found in a variety of animals, particularly pigs. The condition is named after Friedrich Julius Rosenbach, who first described it in the late 19th century. Erysipeloid of Rosenbach is characterized by localized skin inflammation and, in rare cases, can lead to systemic infections.

Etiology

Erysipeloid of Rosenbach is caused by the gram-positive bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Humans typically contract the bacterium through minor cuts or abrasions on the skin while handling infected animals or animal products. The bacterium can survive in soil and water, making it possible for individuals in certain occupations, such as fishermen, butchers, and farmers, to be at higher risk of infection.

Clinical Presentation

The infection usually presents as a localized skin lesion, often on the fingers or hands, which can spread to form a sharply demarcated, erythematous, and swollen area. The lesion, known as erysipeloid, is typically painful and may be accompanied by a burning sensation. Unlike erysipelas caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, erysipeloid of Rosenbach rarely causes fever or systemic symptoms. However, if not treated, the infection can progress to a more severe form, including septicemia or endocarditis, particularly in individuals with underlying immune deficiencies.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of erysipeloid of Rosenbach is primarily based on the clinical presentation and the patient's occupational history. Laboratory confirmation can be obtained through culture of the bacterium from biopsy or swab samples of the lesion. However, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can be difficult to culture, and serological tests may also be used to support the diagnosis.

Treatment

The treatment of choice for erysipeloid of Rosenbach is antibiotics. Penicillin is the most effective antibiotic against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, but for patients allergic to penicillin, erythromycin or clindamycin can be used as alternatives. The duration of treatment typically ranges from 7 to 14 days, depending on the severity of the infection.

Prevention

Preventive measures for erysipeloid of Rosenbach include wearing protective gloves when handling animals or animal products and ensuring cuts or abrasions are properly covered. Education on the risks associated with certain occupations and activities can also help reduce the incidence of infection.

Epidemiology

Erysipeloid of Rosenbach is relatively rare and occurs worldwide. The incidence is higher in individuals involved in occupations that involve handling animals, fish, or poultry. There is no known predilection for age, sex, or race.

See Also

• Erysipelas
• Occupational hazards
• Zoonosis