Erysipeloid

Erysipeloid is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the skin. It is caused by the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which is commonly found in animals, particularly fish, poultry, and swine. The infection is typically occupational, affecting individuals who handle these animals or their products, such as butchers, fishermen, and veterinarians.

Clinical Presentation

Erysipeloid usually presents as a localized skin infection. The most common form is the cutaneous type, which manifests as a well-defined, red-purple lesion that is often painful and swollen. The lesion typically appears on the hands or fingers, areas that are most likely to come into contact with the bacteria. In some cases, the infection can spread to other parts of the body, leading to a more generalized form known as diffuse cutaneous erysipeloid.

Transmission

The primary mode of transmission is through direct contact with infected animals or animal products. The bacteria enter the body through small cuts or abrasions on the skin. Human-to-human transmission is extremely rare.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of erysipeloid is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the skin lesions and a history of exposure to potential sources of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Laboratory confirmation can be obtained through bacterial culture of samples taken from the lesion.

Treatment

The treatment of choice for erysipeloid is antibiotic therapy. Penicillin is the most commonly used antibiotic, but other options include cephalosporins, clindamycin, and erythromycin. The duration of treatment typically ranges from 7 to 10 days.

Prevention

Preventive measures include wearing protective gloves and clothing when handling animals or animal products, maintaining good personal hygiene, and promptly cleaning and disinfecting any cuts or abrasions.

Complications

While erysipeloid is generally a mild infection, it can occasionally lead to more serious complications such as endocarditis, particularly in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions. Other potential complications include septic arthritis and bacteremia.

See Also

• Bacterial skin infections
• Occupational diseases
• Zoonosis