Erysipelas

Erysipelas is a superficial bacterial infection of the skin primarily caused by the Streptococcus pyogenes bacterium. This infection presents clinically with a distinct, fiery red rash alongside systemic symptoms such as fever.

Recurrent erysipelas on edematous leg

Causes and Pathogenesis

Erysipelas is typically caused by Group A streptococci, specifically Streptococcus pyogenes. It usually enters the body through breaks in the skin, such as cuts, abrasions, or insect bites. Once the bacteria enter, they release toxins that result in inflammation and the characteristic rash of erysipelas.

File:Facial erysipelas

Erysipelas

Clinical Features

The hallmark feature of erysipelas is a fiery red, swollen, and warm skin rash with a sharply demarcated border. The affected area often has a raised, 'orange-peel' appearance. Accompanying systemic symptoms can include fever, chills, fatigue, and a general feeling of being unwell.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of erysipelas is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the rash and associated symptoms. Laboratory tests, such as blood cultures, are usually not necessary unless the patient is severely ill or the diagnosis is uncertain.

Treatment

Erysipelas is treated with antibiotics, usually penicillin or a related drug. Most patients begin to improve within 48 to 72 hours of starting treatment. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

Prevention

Prevention strategies include good skin hygiene, prompt treatment of skin injuries, and management of conditions that can predispose to erysipelas, such as venous insufficiency or lymphedema.

Summary

Erysipelas is a superficial bacterial skin infection that typically presents with a distinctive, fiery red rash. Early recognition and treatment are key to preventing complications and improving outcomes.

See Also

Streptococcus pyogenes Cellulitis

References

Erysipelas Resources
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