Keratosis pilaris

Keratosis pilaris is a common, benign skin condition characterized by the presence of hard, conical elevations or papules at the openings of sebaceous glands, primarily on the upper arms and thighs. These rough-feeling bumps, often described as chicken skin, occur as a result of an excess buildup of the skin protein keratin.

Keratosis Pilaris on Lower Extremity

Clinical Presentation

Keratosis pilaris arm

Keratosis pilaris (moderate)

Patients with keratosis pilaris typically present with numerous tiny, rough, flesh-colored or reddish bumps, often with surrounding erythema. While the condition can occur at any age, it most commonly begins in childhood and improves with age, often disappearing entirely in adulthood. The areas most often affected are the extensor aspects of the upper arms and thighs, although the buttocks and face (particularly the cheeks) may also be involved.

Pathophysiology

The primary event in keratosis pilaris is hyperkeratosis, an increase in the skin's keratin—a structural protein—around the hair follicles. This buildup leads to the characteristic rough patches and skin-colored bumps associated with the condition. Although the exact reason why keratin buildup occurs isn't known, it may be associated with other skin conditions like atopic dermatitis and genetic diseases.

Treatment

Treatment of keratosis pilaris is not medically necessary; however, individuals may desire treatment due to cosmetic concerns or discomfort. Management primarily involves regular application of moisturizers, especially those containing urea, lactic acid, or salicylic acid, which can help to exfoliate and soften the skin. More severe cases may warrant treatment with retinoid creams, which are derivatives of vitamin A that promote cell turnover and prevent the plugging of hair follicles.

See Also

• Dermatology
• Atopic dermatitis
• Hyperkeratosis

References

Keratosis pilaris Resources
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