Dry skin

Dry skin, medically known as xeroderma or xerosis cutis, is a condition characterized by a lack of the appropriate amount of moisture in the most superficial layer of the skin, the epidermis. Dry skin is a common issue that can affect anyone at any age, though it is more prevalent among older adults. The condition can be localized to a specific area or can be widespread across the body. It is often a temporary issue but can be persistent and may require ongoing management.

Causes

Dry skin can result from a variety of factors, both environmental and physiological. Common causes include:

• Climate: Dry air in desert climates or during winter when buildings are heated can reduce skin moisture.
• Bathing habits: Frequent showering or bathing, especially in hot water, can strip the skin of its natural oils.
• Soap and detergents: Harsh cleansers can remove lipids from the skin, leading to dryness.
• Age: As people age, their skin produces fewer oils, increasing the likelihood of dry skin.
• Skin diseases: Conditions like eczema (atopic dermatitis) and psoriasis can cause dry, flaky skin.
• Medications: Certain medications, including diuretics and topical retinoids, can contribute to skin dryness.

Symptoms

Symptoms of dry skin can vary from mild to severe and include:

• Rough, scaly, or flaking skin
• Itching
• Redness
• Cracks in the skin, which may bleed in severe cases
• A feeling of skin tightness, especially after showering, bathing, or swimming

Prevention and Treatment

Preventing and treating dry skin involves replenishing lost moisture and restoring the skin's barrier. Strategies include:

• Moisturizing: Applying moisturizers helps lock in moisture. Ointments and creams are more effective than lotions.
• Humidifiers: Using a humidifier in the home can add moisture to the air and help prevent dry skin.
• Gentle skin care: Using mild, fragrance-free soaps and avoiding hot water can reduce skin dryness.
• Hydration: Drinking plenty of water helps maintain skin hydration from the inside out.
• Protecting skin from the elements: Wearing gloves in cold weather and applying sunscreen can protect the skin from harsh conditions.

When to See a Doctor

While dry skin is often manageable with home care, medical advice should be sought if:

• Dry skin is severe or persistent
• The skin does not improve with home remedies
• The condition is accompanied by redness, swelling, or infection

See Also

• Eczema
• Psoriasis
• Skin care