Milia

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Newborn Milia (Milk Spots)

Milia refer to minute (generally ranging between one to two millimeters in size), firm, white cysts that manifest on the skin. While these small, bead-like cysts are mostly harmless, they often elicit cosmetic concerns due to their appearance.

Introduction

Milia, colloquially known as "milk spots", emerge when keratin — a protein present in the skin, nails, and hair — gets trapped beneath the outermost layer of the skin, leading to the formation of tiny, dome-shaped white bumps. These cysts are prevalent among newborns but can appear at any age.

Causes and Risk Factors

While milia predominantly appear in newborns due to underdeveloped skin pores, there are several triggers and risk factors for milia in adults:

• Use of heavy skincare products and cosmetics that can obstruct pores.
• Sun damage that results in thickened skin, reducing its natural exfoliation process.
• Trauma to the skin, such as blisters or burns.
• Dermabrasion or certain skin resurfacing procedures.
• Long-term use of steroid creams.

Types of Milia

Milia can be broadly categorized into primary and secondary types:

• Primary Milia: Often seen in infants and adults. They develop without any evident cause and appear on the face, particularly around the eyes.
• Secondary Milia: These emerge as a result of trauma or injury to the skin, which disrupts and blocks the sweat ducts.

Diagnosis

Milia are diagnosed primarily based on their appearance. They are characterized by their small size, white hue, and firm texture. Dermatologists can effortlessly discern milia from other skin conditions such as acne or skin tags by mere visual examination.

Treatment and Prevention

While milia typically resolve on their own in infants, adults might consider various treatment options if they find them cosmetically unappealing:

• Exfoliation with mild retinoid creams (like tretinoin).
• Minor surgical procedures, including needle extraction.
• Cryotherapy, where the milia are frozen off.
• Chemical peels.
• Diathermy, which involves using heat to remove milia.
• Laser ablation.

Preventive measures encompass:

• Employing sunscreen regularly to avert sun damage.
• Opting for non-comedogenic skincare products.
• Regularly exfoliating the skin to facilitate natural shedding.
• Avoiding the excessive use of thick creams, especially around the eye area.

Summary

Milia, while benign, can sometimes be a source of cosmetic distress. Understanding their nature, causes, and potential treatments can aid in managing and preventing their occurrence.

See Also

• Cysts
• Dermatology
• Skin conditions
• Exfoliation (cosmetology)

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