Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Seborrhoeic dermatitis, also known as seborrhoea, is a long-term skin disorder characterized by red, scaly, greasy, itchy, and inflamed skin. Areas of the skin rich in oil-producing (sebaceous) glands are often affected, including the scalp, face, and chest. The condition can result in social or self-esteem problems. In babies, when the scalp is primarily involved, it is called cradle cap. Dandruff is a milder form of the condition without inflammation.

Seborrhoeic dermatitis Seboroicka dermatitida

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Signs and symptoms

The primary symptoms of seborrhoeic dermatitis include:

• Redness
• Scaling
• Greasy skin
• Itching
• Inflammation

Areas commonly affected include:

• Scalp
• Face, especially around the eyebrows, eyelids, and nose
• Ears
• Chest
• Upper back
• Groin
• Armpits

Causes

The exact cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis is unknown. However, several factors may contribute to its development, including:

• Genetic predisposition
• Environmental factors
• Immune system abnormalities
• Overgrowth of the yeast Malassezia on the skin
• Changes in skin barrier function

Diagnosis

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is typically diagnosed based on the appearance of the skin and the areas affected. A physical examination and medical history may be used to rule out other skin conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, or allergic contact dermatitis.

Treatment

There is no cure for seborrhoeic dermatitis, but treatments can help control symptoms and manage flare-ups. Common treatments include:

• Topical antifungal medications, such as ketoconazole or clotrimazole
• Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching
• Medicated shampoos containing selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, or coal tar
• Non-medicated shampoos for daily use to reduce oiliness
• Moisturizers to help with dry, scaly skin
• Lifestyle changes, such as reducing stress and avoiding harsh soaps or skin care products, can also help manage seborrhoeic dermatitis.

Prognosis

Seborrhoeic dermatitis typically follows a chronic, relapsing course. Symptoms may improve with treatment but often recur periodically.

Epidemiology

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a common skin condition affecting people of all ages. It is most prevalent in infants under three months old and adults aged 30-60 years.

Prevention

Preventing seborrhoeic dermatitis can be challenging due to the unknown exact cause and the chronic nature of the condition. However, some measures may help reduce the frequency or severity of flare-ups:

• Maintaining a regular skincare routine with gentle cleansers and moisturizers
• Avoiding harsh soaps, fragrances, or skin care products that can irritate the skin
• Managing stress levels, as stress may trigger or exacerbate symptoms
• Avoiding excessive sun exposure or using sun protection, as ultraviolet (UV) radiation can worsen symptoms

Complications

Although seborrhoeic dermatitis is generally not a serious condition, it can cause social or self-esteem issues due to its visible nature and the chronic itching and discomfort associated with it. Additionally, the constant scratching can lead to skin damage, infections, or scarring.

Society and culture

Seborrhoeic dermatitis can have a negative impact on a person's quality of life, particularly if the condition is severe or affects highly visible areas of the body. It may lead to social isolation, depression, or anxiety in some individuals. Public awareness and understanding of the condition are essential for reducing stigma and promoting effective management strategies.

Research

Research into the causes, prevention, and treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis is ongoing. Current areas of focus include investigating the role of the immune system and genetic factors in the development of the condition, as well as exploring new treatments to help manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups.

Summary

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a chronic skin condition that can cause significant discomfort and have a negative impact on a person's quality of life. Further research into the exact causes and most effective treatments is necessary to improve the lives of those affected by this condition. Increasing public awareness and understanding of seborrhoeic dermatitis can help reduce stigma and encourage individuals to seek appropriate medical care and management strategies.

See also

• Dandruff
• Atopic dermatitis
• Psoriasis
• Rosacea

External links

• DermNet NZ: Seborrhoeic dermatitis
• Medscape: Seborrheic Dermatitis
• American Academy of Dermatology - Seborrheic dermatitis
• NHS - Seborrhoeic dermatitis

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