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Toxicology testing refers to the various scientific analyses conducted to detect, identify, and measure the levels of potentially harmful substances in the body. These substances can include drugs, chemicals, and toxins. The tests are often used in medical, legal, and occupational settings to determine if an individual has been exposed to these substances and to what extent.

Overview

Toxicology testing is a specialized field of study within the broader discipline of toxicology. It involves the use of various analytical techniques and methodologies to detect and quantify the presence of foreign substances in the body. These substances can range from prescription medications and illicit drugs to environmental toxins and industrial chemicals.

Types of Toxicology Testing

There are several types of toxicology tests, each designed to detect specific types of substances. These include:

• Drug screening: This type of test is often used in employment settings to detect the use of illicit drugs. It can also be used in medical settings to monitor medication levels in patients.

• Forensic toxicology: This type of testing is used in legal settings to determine if a substance was involved in a crime or accident. It can also be used to detect the presence of drugs or alcohol in a person's system at the time of death.

• Environmental toxicology: This type of testing is used to detect the presence of environmental toxins, such as lead or mercury, in a person's system.

• Clinical toxicology: This type of testing is used in medical settings to diagnose and treat poisoning and overdose cases.

Methodologies

Toxicology testing methodologies can vary depending on the type of substance being tested for and the specific requirements of the test. Some common methodologies include:

• Immunoassay: This is a biochemical test that measures the concentration of a substance in a biological liquid, such as blood or urine.

• Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS): This is a method that combines the features of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample.

• Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS): This is a technique often used in drug testing to detect and identify a wide range of drugs and metabolites.

See Also

• Drug testing
• Forensic science
• Clinical laboratory

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