Onychomadesis

Onychomadesis

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Onychomadesis affecting the fingernails

Onychomadesis is a medical condition characterized by the complete shedding or falling off of a nail from the nail bed. This condition can affect both fingernails and toenails. It is often a result of a temporary cessation in nail growth due to various underlying causes.

Causes

Onychomadesis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Infections: Viral infections such as hand, foot, and mouth disease are known to cause onychomadesis, particularly in children.
• Trauma: Physical trauma to the nail matrix can disrupt nail growth, leading to onychomadesis.
• Systemic Illness: Severe systemic illnesses or conditions that cause high fever can interrupt nail growth.
• Medications: Certain medications, particularly those used in chemotherapy, can lead to nail shedding.
• Dermatological Conditions: Skin conditions such as psoriasis or lichen planus can affect nail health and growth.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of onychomadesis is the detachment of the nail from the nail bed. This process can be painless or associated with discomfort, depending on the underlying cause. The nail may appear discolored or have a ridge that marks the point of growth cessation.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of onychomadesis is primarily clinical, based on the appearance of the nails and the patient's medical history. A thorough examination may include:

• Physical Examination: Inspection of the nails and surrounding skin.
• Medical History: Assessment of recent illnesses, medications, and potential trauma.
• Laboratory Tests: In some cases, tests may be conducted to rule out infections or systemic diseases.

Treatment

Treatment of onychomadesis focuses on addressing the underlying cause. In many cases, the condition resolves on its own as the nail regrows. Specific treatments may include:

• Management of Underlying Conditions: Treating infections or systemic illnesses that may be contributing to the condition.
• Protective Measures: Keeping the affected area clean and protected to prevent further trauma or infection.
• Topical Treatments: Application of topical medications to promote healthy nail growth.

Prognosis

The prognosis for onychomadesis is generally good, with most individuals experiencing complete regrowth of the affected nail. The time required for regrowth can vary depending on the individual's health and the severity of the condition.

Related pages

• Nail (anatomy)
• Hand, foot, and mouth disease
• Psoriasis
• Lichen planus