Nail plate

Nail Plate

The nail plate is the hard, translucent part of the nail that is visible on the fingers and toes. It is made up of layers of keratin, a type of protein that is also found in the skin and hair. The nail plate is the main protective barrier for the underlying nail bed and nail matrix.

Structure

The nail plate is composed of several layers of dead, compacted cells that are pushed upward by the production of new cells in the nail matrix. The top layer of the nail plate is the hardest and most durable, while the layers underneath are softer and more flexible. The nail plate is attached to the nail bed by tiny longitudinal grooves known as onychodermal band.

Function

The primary function of the nail plate is to protect the sensitive nail bed underneath. It also provides a firm surface for the fingertips and toes, enhancing sensitivity and manipulation. The nail plate also plays a role in the perception of touch and pressure.

Health and Disorders

The health of the nail plate can be affected by various factors, including diet, trauma, and certain diseases. Conditions such as onychomycosis (fungal infection), psoriasis, and nail clubbing can cause changes in the color, shape, and texture of the nail plate. Treatment for these conditions often involves addressing the underlying cause and may include topical or oral medications.

See Also

• Nail (anatomy)
• Nail bed
• Nail matrix
• Onychodermal band
• Onychomycosis
• Psoriasis
• Nail clubbing