Nail matrix

Nail Matrix

The nail matrix, also known as the matrix unguis, keratogenous membrane, nail bed, or onychostroma, is the tissue (or germinal matrix) which the nail protects. It is the part of the nail bed that is beneath the nail and contains nerves, lymph and blood vessels. The nail matrix produces cells that become the nail plate. The width and thickness of the nail plate is determined by the size, length, and thickness of the matrix, while the shape of the fingertip itself shows if the matrix is flat, arched, or hooked.

Anatomy

The nail matrix is the area where your nails begin to grow. The matrix creates new skin cells, which pushes out the old, dead skin cells. These old cells flatten and harden, thanks to keratin, a protein made by these cells. The hard part of your nails is actually dead keratin cells.

The nail matrix, sometimes called the matrix unguis, keratogenous membrane, nail bed, or onychostroma, is the tissue (or germinal matrix) which the nail protects. It is the part of the nail bed that is beneath the nail and contains nerves, lymph and blood vessels.

Function

The nail matrix is responsible for the production of the cells that make up the nail plate. The rate of growth and the thickness of the nail plate is determined by the length, thickness, and health of the matrix. Any damage to the matrix can cause changes in the shape, texture, and growth rate of the nail.

Health and Disease

Conditions that affect the nail matrix can cause changes in the nails. For example, psoriasis can cause pitting (small dents in the nails) and onycholysis (separation of the nail from the nail bed). Other conditions, such as fungal infections, can cause discoloration and thickening of the nails.