Thrombocytopenic purpura

Thrombocytopenic purpura is a condition characterized by the presence of thrombocytopenia, or low platelet count, and purpura, or purple-colored spots and patches on the skin. This condition can be classified into two types: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).

Causes

Thrombocytopenic purpura can be caused by a variety of factors. In the case of ITP, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets. TTP, on the other hand, is caused by the formation of small blood clots in the blood vessels, which leads to a decrease in the number of platelets.

Symptoms

The symptoms of thrombocytopenic purpura can vary depending on the type. Common symptoms include easy bruising, bleeding from the gums or nose, blood in urine or stools, and excessive menstrual bleeding in women. In severe cases, patients may experience bleeding into the brain, which can be life-threatening.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of thrombocytopenic purpura involves a complete blood count (CBC) to check the number of platelets. Other tests may include a blood smear to look for abnormal cells, and a bone marrow biopsy to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for thrombocytopenic purpura depends on the severity of the condition. For mild cases, treatment may not be necessary. For more severe cases, treatments may include medications to boost the platelet count, blood or platelet transfusions, or surgery to remove the spleen (splenectomy).

See also

• Thrombocytopenia
• Purpura
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

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