Intravenous immunoglobulin

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a type of therapy used to treat various autoimmune, infectious, and idiopathic diseases. IVIG is an intravenous treatment that contains the pooled immunoglobulin (Ig) G from the plasma of approximately a thousand or more blood donors.

History

The use of IVIG began in the 1950s as a treatment for immune deficiency. It was later found to be effective in treating other diseases, particularly autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Uses

IVIG is used to treat various diseases. These include Guillain–Barré syndrome, Kawasaki disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and myasthenia gravis. It is also used in the treatment of some infections and to boost the immune system in immunodeficiency diseases.

Mechanism of action

The exact mechanism of action of IVIG is unclear. It is thought to work by blocking the Fc receptor on B cells, thereby inhibiting their function. IVIG also contains antibodies that can neutralize a wide variety of pathogens and their toxins.

Side effects

Common side effects of IVIG include headache, fever, chills, nausea, and rash. More serious side effects can include anaphylaxis, kidney failure, and blood clots.

See also

• Immunoglobulin therapy
• Plasma (blood)
• Autoimmune disease
• Infectious disease

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