Port (medical)

A medical device used to facilitate repeated access to the bloodstream

Port (medical)

  File:Portacath.jpg

A port-a-cath, a type of port used for chemotherapy

This medical device related article is a stub.

A port, also known as a port-a-cath, is a small medical appliance that is installed beneath the skin. A catheter connects the port to a vein. Under the skin, the port has a septum through which drugs can be injected and blood samples can be drawn many times, usually with less discomfort for the patient than a more typical "needle stick".

Structure

A port consists of two main components: the port itself and the catheter. The port is a small chamber made of metal or plastic with a silicone septum. The catheter is a thin, flexible tube that connects the port to a large vein, typically the superior vena cava. The port is implanted under the skin, usually in the chest area, and the catheter is threaded into the vein.

Function

Ports are used to provide repeated access to the venous system for patients who require frequent administration of medications, such as chemotherapy, or for patients who need long-term intravenous therapy, such as total parenteral nutrition. They are also used for drawing blood samples.

Procedure

The implantation of a port is a minor surgical procedure. It is usually performed under local anesthesia with sedation, although general anesthesia may be used in some cases. The procedure involves making a small incision to create a pocket under the skin for the port and another incision to insert the catheter into the vein. The port is then connected to the catheter and the incisions are closed.

Advantages

• Reduced discomfort: Ports reduce the need for repeated needle sticks, which can be painful and cause damage to veins.
• Convenience: Ports allow for easy access to the bloodstream for both medication administration and blood draws.
• Long-term use: Ports can remain in place for weeks, months, or even years, depending on the patient's needs.

Risks and Complications

While ports are generally safe, they do carry some risks, including:

• Infection: As with any implanted device, there is a risk of infection.
• Thrombosis: Blood clots can form in the catheter or the vein.
• Mechanical failure: The port or catheter can become dislodged or damaged.

Maintenance

Ports require regular maintenance to ensure they function properly and to prevent complications. This includes flushing the port with saline or heparin to prevent clotting and monitoring for signs of infection.

Also see

• Central venous catheter
• Intravenous therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Total parenteral nutrition