Petechiae

Petechiae are small (1–2 mm) red or purple spots on the skin, caused by a minor bleed from broken capillary blood vessels. Petechiae can appear anywhere on the body, but they are most common on the legs and feet. They can be a sign of a number of different medical conditions, ranging from minor injuries to serious diseases.

Causes

Petechiae are caused by minor bleeding from broken capillaries. This can occur for a variety of reasons, including:

• Physical trauma: This can cause capillaries to break and bleed, leading to the formation of petechiae.
• Infections: Certain viral and bacterial infections can cause petechiae. These include meningococcemia, a severe infection of the bloodstream, and endocarditis, an infection of the heart valves.
• Medications: Some medications, such as warfarin and other anticoagulants, can cause petechiae.
• Diseases: Certain diseases, such as leukemia and vasculitis, can cause petechiae.

Symptoms

The main symptom of petechiae is the appearance of small red or purple spots on the skin. These spots are usually flat and do not blanch when pressed. Other symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause of the petechiae.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of petechiae is usually based on a physical examination. The doctor may also ask about any recent illnesses or medications. In some cases, further tests may be needed to determine the underlying cause of the petechiae.

Treatment

The treatment for petechiae depends on the underlying cause. If the petechiae are caused by a medication, the doctor may recommend stopping or changing the medication. If the petechiae are caused by an infection or disease, treatment will focus on managing the underlying condition.

See also

• Purpura
• Ecchymosis
• Hematoma

Petechiae Resources
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