Autoimmune disorder

Autoimmune disorder refers to a group of diseases where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells. This can lead to a variety of health problems, depending on the specific disorder and the body systems it affects.

Overview

In a healthy immune system, the body can distinguish between its own cells and foreign cells, such as bacteria and viruses. However, in an autoimmune disorder, this ability is compromised, and the immune system begins to attack the body's own cells, tissues, and organs.

There are more than 80 different types of autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. These disorders can affect almost any part of the body, including the heart, brain, nerves, muscles, skin, eyes, joints, lungs, kidneys, glands, the digestive tract, and blood vessels.

Causes

The exact cause of autoimmune disorders is unknown. However, it is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Some autoimmune disorders are more common in certain ethnic groups, and they often run in families.

Symptoms

The symptoms of autoimmune disorders can vary widely, depending on the specific disorder and the body systems it affects. However, common symptoms can include fatigue, fever, general ill-feeling, and inflammation.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of autoimmune disorders can be challenging, as the symptoms can be vague and can mimic other diseases. However, certain tests can help in the diagnosis, including blood tests to check for certain types of antibodies.

Treatment

Treatment for autoimmune disorders generally focuses on reducing immune system activity, usually with medication. This can help to reduce inflammation and slow the progression of the disease.

See also

• List of autoimmune diseases
• Immunology
• Chronic illness