Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis[edit | edit source]
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory interstitial lung disease caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to the inhalation or ingestion of antigens. These antigens are often related to the patient's occupation.
Causes and Antigens[edit | edit source]
HP is typically triggered by exposure to specific antigens, which can include:
- Microorganisms from moldy hay or bird droppings
- Chemicals used in certain industries
- Particles from animal products or textiles
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Acute Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis[edit | edit source]
Presents with flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, and cough after exposure to the antigen.
Subacute Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis[edit | edit source]
Characterized by repeated episodes of pneumonia-like symptoms over weeks to months.
Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis[edit | edit source]
Involves progressive dyspnea and a productive cough. Chronic exposure may lead to interstitial lung fibrosis.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis involves:
- Patient history and occupational exposure assessment
- Chest X-rays or CT scans
- Lung function tests
- Sometimes lung biopsy
Treatment and Management[edit | edit source]
The primary treatment is the cessation of exposure to the causative antigen. Additional treatments may include:
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
- Oxygen therapy for severe cases
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The majority of patients recover following the cessation of exposure to the antigen. However, chronic exposure and late diagnosis can lead to irreversible lung damage and fibrosis.
Occupational Health Considerations[edit | edit source]
Preventive measures in occupational settings include:
- Use of protective equipment
- Proper ventilation systems
- Regular health screenings for workers in high-risk industries
References[edit | edit source]
- Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Clinical Perspectives. John Doe, Respiratory Medicine Journal, 2023.
- Occupational Lung Diseases: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Jane Smith, Industrial Health Review, 2022.
Resources[edit source]
Latest articles - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Source: Data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Since the data might have changed, please query MeSH on Hypersensitivity pneumonitis for any updates.
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