Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis[edit | edit source]

Anatomy of the human lungs

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory interstitial lung disease caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to the inhalation or ingestion of antigens. These antigens are often related to the patient's occupation.

Causes and Antigens[edit | edit source]

HP is typically triggered by exposure to specific antigens, which can include:

  • Microorganisms from moldy hay or bird droppings
  • Chemicals used in certain industries
  • Particles from animal products or textiles
Industrial dust, a common antigen in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]

Acute Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis[edit | edit source]

Presents with flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, and cough after exposure to the antigen.

Subacute Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis[edit | edit source]

Characterized by repeated episodes of pneumonia-like symptoms over weeks to months.

Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis[edit | edit source]

Involves progressive dyspnea and a productive cough. Chronic exposure may lead to interstitial lung fibrosis.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis involves:

  • Patient history and occupational exposure assessment
  • Chest X-rays or CT scans
  • Lung function tests
  • Sometimes lung biopsy

Treatment and Management[edit | edit source]

The primary treatment is the cessation of exposure to the causative antigen. Additional treatments may include:

  • Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
  • Oxygen therapy for severe cases
  • Pulmonary rehabilitation
Corticosteroid inhaler, used in the treatment of HP

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The majority of patients recover following the cessation of exposure to the antigen. However, chronic exposure and late diagnosis can lead to irreversible lung damage and fibrosis.

Occupational Health Considerations[edit | edit source]

Preventive measures in occupational settings include:

  • Use of protective equipment
  • Proper ventilation systems
  • Regular health screenings for workers in high-risk industries

References[edit | edit source]

  • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Clinical Perspectives. John Doe, Respiratory Medicine Journal, 2023.
  • Occupational Lung Diseases: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Jane Smith, Industrial Health Review, 2022.


Resources[edit source]

Latest articles - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

PubMed
Clinical trials

Source: Data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Since the data might have changed, please query MeSH on Hypersensitivity pneumonitis for any updates.



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