High-resolution computed tomography

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a type of computed tomography (CT) with specific techniques to enhance image resolution. It is commonly used in the diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary diseases and can provide detailed images of the lungs and the surrounding tissues.

History

The development of HRCT was a significant advancement in the field of radiology. The first CT scanner, invented by Godfrey Hounsfield in 1972, was capable of producing only a single slice of image at a time. With the advent of multi-slice CT scanners and the development of high-resolution techniques, the quality and detail of images have significantly improved.

Technique

HRCT uses a narrow X-ray beam and advanced computer analysis to create highly detailed images of structures within the body such as blood vessels, lungs, and bones. It involves the use of a very thin slice width, usually less than 1.5 millimeters, and a high spatial frequency reconstruction algorithm. The patient lies on a table that slides into a large, circular opening where the scanning is performed.

Clinical Use

HRCT is most commonly used to evaluate the lungs. It can detect various lung diseases, such as interstitial lung diseases, pneumonia, lung cancer, pulmonary embolism, and COPD. It can also be used to evaluate the airways, the mediastinum, and the pleura.

Advantages and Disadvantages

The main advantage of HRCT is its ability to provide highly detailed images of the lung parenchyma. This can be particularly useful in diagnosing and monitoring the progression of diseases that affect the small airways and lung parenchyma. However, the use of HRCT also has some disadvantages. The procedure exposes the patient to a higher dose of radiation compared to a standard CT scan. Additionally, while HRCT can provide detailed images of the lungs, it may not be as effective in imaging other parts of the body.

See Also

• Computed tomography
• Radiology
• Pulmonary disease