Wheat allergy

Wheat_close-up.JPG

Wheat allergy is an allergic reaction to foods containing wheat. It is one of the most common food allergies, particularly in children. Wheat allergy is distinct from celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity, although the symptoms can be similar.

Symptoms

Symptoms of wheat allergy can vary from mild to severe and may include:

• Hives
• Eczema
• Asthma
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Anaphylaxis

Causes

Wheat allergy is caused by an immune system response to one or more of the proteins found in wheat, such as gliadin, glutenin, albumin, and globulin. When a person with wheat allergy consumes wheat, their immune system mistakenly identifies these proteins as harmful and releases histamine and other chemicals, leading to allergic symptoms.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of wheat allergy typically involves:

• Medical history and symptom review
• Skin prick test
• Blood test for specific IgE antibodies
• Oral food challenge

Management

The primary treatment for wheat allergy is the avoidance of wheat and wheat-containing products. This includes:

• Reading food labels carefully
• Avoiding cross-contamination
• Using wheat-free substitutes

In cases of accidental exposure, antihistamines may be used to relieve mild symptoms, while severe reactions may require epinephrine.

Prognosis

Many children outgrow wheat allergy by the age of 12, but it can persist into adulthood. Regular follow-up with an allergist is recommended to monitor the condition.

Related Conditions

• Celiac disease
• Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
• Food allergy
• Anaphylaxis

See Also

• Gluten-free diet
• Allergen
• Immune system