Skin prick test

Skin prick test is a method used in diagnosing allergies. This test involves placing a small amount of suspected allergen on the skin, and then pricking the skin so that the allergen is introduced into the body. The skin's reaction to the allergen is then observed and measured.

Procedure

The skin prick test is usually performed on the forearm or back. The skin is cleaned with alcohol and small marks are made with a pen to identify the location for each allergen. A drop of each allergen extract is placed on the skin at each mark. A small, sterile lancet is used to prick the skin through the drop of extract. This allows a small amount of allergen to enter the skin. After 15-20 minutes, the skin is observed for any reaction.

Interpretation

The results of a skin prick test are interpreted by measuring the size of the skin reaction. A positive reaction is indicated by the formation of a wheal (a raised, red bump) and flare (surrounding area of redness). The size of the wheal and flare are measured in millimeters. The larger the wheal and flare, the more sensitive the patient is to the allergen.

Risks and complications

While the skin prick test is generally safe, there are some risks and complications associated with the procedure. These include the possibility of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), fainting, and skin infections. It is important that the test is performed under the supervision of a healthcare professional who is trained to manage these potential complications.

Alternatives

There are several alternatives to the skin prick test for diagnosing allergies. These include the intradermal test, patch test, and various blood tests.

See also

• Allergy
• Allergen
• Anaphylaxis
• Intradermal test
• Patch test

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