Food allergies

Food allergies are an immune system response that occurs soon after eating a certain food. Even a tiny amount of the allergy-causing food can trigger signs and symptoms such as digestive problems, hives or swollen airways. In some people, a food allergy can cause severe symptoms or even a life-threatening reaction known as anaphylaxis.

Symptoms

Food allergy symptoms usually develop within a few minutes to two hours after eating the offending food. The most common food allergy signs and symptoms include:

• Tingling or itching in the mouth
• Hives, itching or eczema
• Swelling of the lips, face, tongue and throat or other parts of the body
• Wheezing, nasal congestion or trouble breathing
• Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting

Causes

Food allergies occur when the immune system identifies a certain food as harmful and reacts by producing antibodies known as Immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies travel to cells that release chemicals, causing an allergic reaction. This reaction can occur system-wide, leading to anaphylaxis.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase your risk of developing a food allergy include:

• Family history
• Age
• Other allergies
• Asthma
• Atopic dermatitis

Prevention

The best way to prevent an allergic reaction is to identify and avoid foods that trigger it. For some people, this is a mere inconvenience, but others find it a greater hardship.

Treatment

Treatment involves avoiding the foods that cause you symptoms. If you accidentally eat a food you're allergic to, medications such as antihistamines may help reduce a reaction. In severe cases, you may need an emergency injection of epinephrine and a trip to the emergency room.

See Also

• Anaphylaxis
• Immunoglobulin E
• Eczema
• Asthma

Food allergies Resources
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