Oroya fever

Oroya Fever is a disease caused by the bacteria Bartonella bacilliformis. It is also known as Carrion's Disease, named after the Peruvian physician Daniel Alcides Carrión who first described it. The disease is primarily found in the Andes region of South America, particularly in Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia.

Transmission

Oroya Fever is transmitted to humans through the bite of the female Lutzomyia sandfly. The sandfly is a vector for the bacteria Bartonella bacilliformis, which causes the disease.

Symptoms

The acute phase of Oroya Fever, known as the Oroya stage, is characterized by high fever, severe anemia, and bacteremia. If left untreated, the mortality rate can be as high as 88%. The chronic phase, known as the Verruga stage, is characterized by benign skin eruptions.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Oroya Fever is typically made through blood cultures, which can identify the presence of Bartonella bacilliformis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing can also be used to detect the bacteria's DNA in a patient's blood.

Treatment

Treatment for Oroya Fever typically involves antibiotics, such as rifampin, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin. In severe cases, blood transfusions may be necessary to treat anemia.

Prevention

Prevention of Oroya Fever primarily involves avoiding contact with the Lutzomyia sandfly. This can be achieved through the use of insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and sleeping under insecticide-treated nets.

See also

• Bartonellosis
• Vector-borne disease
• Tropical medicine