Xanthomatosis

Xanthomatosis is a medical condition characterized by the formation of xanthoma, which are lipid-filled foam cells that accumulate in various parts of the body. These deposits can occur in the skin, tendons, subcutaneous tissues, and occasionally in the internal organs. Xanthomatosis is often associated with certain lipid metabolism disorders, including hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia.

Causes

Xanthomatosis is typically caused by an underlying disorder that results in excessive lipid levels in the body. This can include genetic disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia, as well as acquired conditions like diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism. Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, can also contribute to the development of xanthomatosis.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of xanthomatosis is the appearance of xanthomas, which are typically yellowish, firm nodules or plaques. They can vary in size and are often found on the elbows, knees, hands, feet, and buttocks. In some cases, xanthomas may also develop in the eyes or internal organs, leading to potential complications.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of xanthomatosis typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Blood tests may be performed to assess lipid levels and identify any underlying disorders. In some cases, a biopsy of a xanthoma may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for xanthomatosis primarily involves managing the underlying disorder that is causing the excessive lipid levels. This can include dietary changes, medications to lower lipid levels, and in some cases, surgery to remove large xanthomas.

See also

• Xanthoma
• Hyperlipidemia
• Hypercholesterolemia
• Familial hypercholesterolemia
• Diabetes mellitus
• Hypothyroidism

Xanthomatosis Resources
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