Valley fever

Valley Fever (also known as Coccidioidomycosis) is a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides organisms. It can cause fever, chest pain and coughing, among other symptoms.

Causes

Valley Fever is caused by the Coccidioides species of fungus, which includes Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. These fungi are commonly found in soil in specific regions of the United States, including the southwestern states of Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and Nevada. The fungi can also be found in parts of Central and South America.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Valley Fever may appear between one and three weeks after exposure to the fungus. They can range from minor, flu-like symptoms to severe pneumonia. The most common symptoms include fatigue, cough, fever, shortness of breath, headache, night sweats, muscle aches or joint pain, and rash on upper body or legs.

Diagnosis

Valley Fever is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. The most definitive diagnostic test is the culture of Coccidioides organisms from a clinical specimen.

Treatment

Most people with Valley Fever require no treatment, as their immune system will clear the infection on its own. However, those with severe or prolonged symptoms may require antifungal medication. In rare cases, long-term treatment may be needed to prevent the disease from returning.

Prevention

Prevention of Valley Fever primarily involves avoiding exposure to dust and soil in areas where the Coccidioides fungus is common. This can be achieved by wearing masks and avoiding activities that stir up dust.

See also

• Fungal diseases
• Infectious diseases
• Pneumonia

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