Congenital cutaneous candidiasis

Congenital cutaneous candidiasis is a rare and severe infection that affects newborns. It is caused by the Candida species, a type of fungus. The infection is present at birth and is characterized by widespread skin lesions.

Etiology

The primary cause of congenital cutaneous candidiasis is the Candida species, particularly Candida albicans. The infection is acquired in utero, meaning it is passed from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy. The Candida species is a common inhabitant of the human body, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract and the female genital tract. However, it can cause disease when the body's immune system is compromised or when the normal balance of microorganisms is disrupted.

Clinical Presentation

Newborns with congenital cutaneous candidiasis present with widespread skin lesions at birth. These lesions are typically pustular and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, irritability, and poor feeding. In severe cases, the infection can spread to other organs and cause systemic disease.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of congenital cutaneous candidiasis is based on clinical presentation and confirmed by laboratory tests. The Candida species can be isolated from skin lesions, blood, or other body fluids. Microscopy and culture are the most common laboratory methods used to identify the Candida species.

Treatment

Treatment for congenital cutaneous candidiasis involves antifungal therapy. The most commonly used antifungal drugs are amphotericin B and fluconazole. In severe cases, systemic therapy may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis for congenital cutaneous candidiasis is generally good with appropriate treatment. However, if the infection spreads to other organs, it can be life-threatening.

Prevention

Prevention of congenital cutaneous candidiasis involves controlling the Candida species in pregnant women. This can be achieved through good hygiene practices and the use of antifungal drugs if necessary.