Basidiobolomycosis

Basidiobolomycosis is a rare infectious disease caused by the fungus Basidiobolus ranarum. This fungus is part of the Zygomycota phylum and is typically found in the soil and decaying organic matter. It is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions.

Etiology

The primary cause of Basidiobolomycosis is the fungus Basidiobolus ranarum. This fungus is found in the environment, particularly in soil and decaying organic matter. It is also found in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy reptiles, amphibians, fish, and insectivorous bats. Humans can become infected through the skin, often through minor trauma or insect bites.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Basidiobolomycosis can vary depending on the site of infection. The most common form of the disease is cutaneous Basidiobolomycosis, which affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Symptoms can include skin lesions, nodules, or plaques that are often painless but can be accompanied by mild tenderness. In rare cases, the disease can also affect the gastrointestinal tract, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Basidiobolomycosis is often challenging due to its rarity and non-specific symptoms. It is typically confirmed through histopathological examination of tissue samples, which can reveal the presence of the fungus. Other diagnostic methods can include culture of the fungus from clinical specimens and molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Treatment

Treatment for Basidiobolomycosis typically involves long-term antifungal therapy. The antifungal drug itraconazole is most commonly used, often for a period of several months. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected tissue.

Epidemiology

Basidiobolomycosis is most commonly reported in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa, Asia, and South America. However, cases have been reported worldwide. The disease affects both children and adults, with a slight male predominance.

See also

• Mycosis
• Zygomycosis
• Fungal diseases