Disseminated coccidioidomycosis

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Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
Synonyms	Disseminated Valley fever
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fever, cough, weight loss, skin lesions, bone pain, meningitis
Complications	Chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, meningitis, osteomyelitis
Onset	Weeks to months after initial infection
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii infection
Risks	Immunosuppression, pregnancy, diabetes, ethnicity (e.g., Filipino, African American)
Diagnosis	Serology, culture, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, sarcoidosis
Prevention	Avoidance of endemic areas, use of respiratory protection
Treatment	Antifungal medications such as fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable; can be life-threatening if untreated
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	Can be fatal if not treated

Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a severe form of coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection caused by the Coccidioides species. This condition is also known as Valley Fever and is endemic in certain areas of the United States, particularly the southwestern regions.

Causes

Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is caused by the inhalation of Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii spores. These fungi are found in the soil and dust of endemic areas. The disease can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, leading to disseminated disease.

Symptoms

The symptoms of disseminated coccidioidomycosis can vary widely, depending on the organs involved. They may include fever, cough, chest pain, weight loss, night sweats, skin lesions, and joint pain. In severe cases, the infection can affect the central nervous system, leading to meningitis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of disseminated coccidioidomycosis is typically made through a combination of clinical findings, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. These may include serology tests, culture of body fluids or tissues, and histopathology.

Treatment

Treatment for disseminated coccidioidomycosis typically involves long-term antifungal therapy with drugs such as fluconazole or itraconazole. In severe cases, hospitalization and intravenous antifungal therapy may be required.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for disseminated coccidioidomycosis include avoiding activities that stir up dust in endemic areas, using face masks, and taking antifungal medication prophylactically if at high risk.

See also

• Coccidioidomycosis
• Fungal diseases
• Infectious diseases