Pneumocystis pneumonia

Pneumocystis pneumonia (also known as PCP) is a form of pneumonia, an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli, that is caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii.

CT of bilateral pneumothoraces by pneumocystis pneumonia cysts

Signs and symptoms

The most common symptoms of PCP are cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Other symptoms can include chills, night sweats, chest pain, and fatigue.

Cause

PCP is caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii. It is not known exactly how this organism is spread, but it is believed to be airborne.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PCP can be challenging, as the symptoms are similar to those of other forms of pneumonia. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by identifying Pneumocystis jirovecii in a sample of lung tissue or fluid.

Treatment

Treatment for PCP typically involves a combination of antibiotics and corticosteroids. The specific medications used may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the patient's overall health.

Prognosis

With treatment, most people with PCP can recover. However, the condition can be life-threatening, particularly in those with weakened immune systems.

Prevention

Prevention of PCP involves taking steps to avoid exposure to Pneumocystis jirovecii and to strengthen the immune system.

See also

• Pneumonia
• Pneumocystis jirovecii
• Antibiotics
• Corticosteroids

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