Small-cell melanoma

Small-cell melanoma is a rare subtype of melanoma, a type of skin cancer that originates from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes. This subtype is characterized by small, round cells that are similar in appearance to those seen in small cell lung cancer.

Epidemiology

Small-cell melanoma is a rare form of melanoma, accounting for less than 1% of all melanoma cases. It can occur in individuals of any age, but is most commonly diagnosed in older adults. The incidence of small-cell melanoma is similar in both men and women.

Pathogenesis

The exact cause of small-cell melanoma is unknown. However, like other forms of melanoma, it is believed to be related to DNA damage in melanocytes, often due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Certain genetic mutations may also play a role in the development of this subtype.

Clinical Features

Small-cell melanoma typically presents as a small, dark, irregularly shaped lesion on the skin. It may be flat or slightly raised, and can occur anywhere on the body. However, it is most commonly found on areas of the skin that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, and arms.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of small-cell melanoma is typically made based on a combination of clinical examination, dermoscopy, and skin biopsy. The biopsy specimen is examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of small, round melanoma cells.

Treatment

The primary treatment for small-cell melanoma is surgical removal of the tumor. In some cases, additional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy may be recommended, particularly if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Prognosis

The prognosis for small-cell melanoma is generally poorer than for other types of melanoma, due to its aggressive nature and tendency to spread to other parts of the body. However, early detection and treatment can significantly improve survival rates.

See Also

• Melanoma
• Skin cancer
• Small cell lung cancer

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