Keratosis

Introduction

Keratosis refers to a group of skin conditions characterized by an overgrowth or abnormal accumulation of keratin, a key structural protein in the skin. This overproduction leads to the formation of hardened, often thickened areas on the skin's surface. Keratosis can manifest in various forms, some benign and relatively common, while others may require medical attention.

Overview of Keratin and Keratosis

• Keratin: A fibrous protein that forms the main structural component of hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin.
• Function: In normal amounts, keratin helps protect the skin from damage and stress.

Skin affected by Keratosis

Types of Keratosis

• Actinic Keratosis: Caused by long-term sun exposure, these are rough, scaly patches on the skin, potentially a precursor to skin cancer.
• Seborrheic Keratosis: Benign skin growths that appear as brown, black, or light tan spots. They are more common in older adults.
• Keratosis Pilaris: Often appears as small, acne-like bumps, usually on the arms, thighs, cheeks, and buttocks. It's benign and generally harmless.

Causes and Risk Factors

• Genetic Factors: Some forms of keratosis, like keratosis pilaris, are hereditary.
• Sun Exposure: Chronic sun exposure can lead to actinic keratosis.
• Age: Older individuals are more likely to develop certain types of keratosis, such as seborrheic keratosis.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

• Appearance: Keratosis manifests as rough, raised areas that can vary in color.
• Diagnosis: Dermatologists typically diagnose keratosis through a physical examination of the skin. Biopsies may be performed if there's a concern about skin cancer.

Treatment and Management

• Actinic Keratosis: Treatment options include cryotherapy, topical medications, and photodynamic therapy.
• Seborrheic Keratosis: Often requires no treatment unless for cosmetic reasons or if it becomes irritated.
• Keratosis Pilaris: Managed with moisturizing lotions, topical exfoliants, and prescription creams.

Prevention and Skin Care

• Sun Protection: Regular use of sunscreen can prevent actinic keratosis.
• Moisturizing: Keeping the skin moisturized helps manage keratosis pilaris.
• Regular Skin Checks: Monitoring skin changes and consulting a dermatologist for any concerns.

External Links

• American Academy of Dermatology: Keratosis Pilaris Overview
• Skin Cancer Foundation: Actinic Keratosis

External links

Classification	MeSH: D007642

See Also

• Skin care
• Dermatology
• Actinic keratosis
• Seborrheic keratosis
• Keratoderma