Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common type of skin cancer that originates from the basal cells located in the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is primarily characterized by abnormal, uncontrolled growth of these cells.

Superficial basal cell carcinoma

Histopathology of a pigmented basal-cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma (1)

Histopathology of micronodular basal-cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma

Low level aggressive basal-cell carcinoma

Overview

BCC is the most frequent form of all skin cancers. Despite its prevalence, it is often considered less aggressive than other forms of skin cancer since it tends to grow slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the body. However, if left untreated, it can lead to significant disfigurement and complications.

Causes

The primary cause of BCC is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, either from the sun or from artificial sources such as tanning beds. Other factors that may increase the risk include:

• Light or fair skin
• A history of sunburns
• Chronic sun exposure
• Older age
• Exposure to certain chemicals
• A family history of skin cancer
• Immunosuppressive drugs

Symptoms

Basal cell carcinoma can manifest in various ways, but some common signs include:

• A pearly or waxy bump, often translucent
• A flat, scaly, reddish patch
• A bleeding or scabbing sore that heals and returns
• A white, yellow, or waxy area with a poorly defined border that may resemble a scar

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a skin examination by a dermatologist. If BCC is suspected, a biopsy is performed to confirm the diagnosis. This entails removing a small section of the suspicious skin for laboratory analysis.

Treatment

Treatment options for BCC depend on the size, location, and depth of the carcinoma, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatments include:

• Surgical excision
• Mohs surgery
• Electrodessication and curettage
• Radiation therapy
• Topical treatments
• Laser surgery
• Cryosurgery

Prevention

To reduce the risk of basal cell carcinoma, it's crucial to protect the skin from excessive UV radiation. This can be achieved by:

• Avoiding midday sun
• Wearing protective clothing
• Using sunscreen
• Avoiding tanning beds

See Also

• Melanoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Dermatology
• Skin biopsy

Basal cell carcinoma Resources
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