Mammary ductal carcinoma

Mammary ductal carcinoma is a type of breast cancer that originates from the mammary ducts, the tubes that transport milk from the mammary glands to the nipple. It is the most common form of breast cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all cases.

Etiology

The exact cause of mammary ductal carcinoma is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified. These include age, family history of breast cancer, certain genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, and exposure to estrogen over a long period of time.

Pathophysiology

Mammary ductal carcinoma begins in the cells lining the mammary ducts. Over time, these cells may mutate and begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. If left untreated, the cancer can spread to the surrounding breast tissue and to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the bloodstream.

Clinical Presentation

The most common symptom of mammary ductal carcinoma is a lump in the breast. Other symptoms may include changes in the size or shape of the breast, nipple discharge, and changes in the skin over the breast.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of mammary ductal carcinoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy. The biopsy provides definitive diagnosis by allowing for microscopic examination of the tumor cells.

Treatment

Treatment for mammary ductal carcinoma depends on the stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and personal preferences. Options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy.

Prognosis

The prognosis for mammary ductal carcinoma varies widely depending on the stage at diagnosis, the patient's overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis.

See Also

• Breast cancer
• Mammary glands
• BRCA1
• BRCA2