Ductal carcinoma in situ
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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| Ductal carcinoma in situ | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | DCIS |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Usually none, sometimes a breast lump or nipple discharge |
| Complications | Invasive breast cancer |
| Onset | Typically after age 50 |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | Comedo, non-comedo |
| Causes | Genetic mutations, hormonal factors |
| Risks | Family history, BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, hormone replacement therapy |
| Diagnosis | Mammography, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Invasive ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma in situ |
| Prevention | Regular screening, lifestyle modifications |
| Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Excellent with treatment |
| Frequency | Common in women over 50 |
| Deaths | N/A |
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive form of breast cancer where abnormal cells have been found in the lining of the breast milk duct. The atypical cells have not spread outside of the ducts into the surrounding breast tissue. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ is very early cancer that is highly treatable, but if it’s left untreated or undetected, it can spread into the surrounding breast tissue.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
DCIS itself does not cause symptoms. It is often detected during a mammogram as part of a regular screening program.
Causes[edit | edit source]
The exact cause of DCIS is unknown. However, it is known that cancer arises when a cell's DNA is damaged. Factors that may increase your risk of DCIS include age, a personal history of benign (noncancerous) breast disease, a family history of breast cancer, inherited genes that increase the risk of breast cancer, radiation exposure, and hormone therapy.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
DCIS is usually found during a mammogram done as part of a routine screening program. If an abnormal area is seen on the mammogram, a biopsy may be done to check for cancer cells.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment options for DCIS include lumpectomy in combination with radiation therapy, mastectomy, and hormone therapy.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for DCIS is generally very good. Since DCIS is a non-invasive cancer, it is highly treatable. However, it is important to have regular check-ups after treatment to ensure that the cancer has not returned or spread.
Gallery[edit | edit source]
Breast DCIS histopathology
Diagram showing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Mammogram microcalcifications in carcinoma in situ
Histopathology of dystrophic microcalcifications in ductal carcinoma in situ
Histopathologic architectural patterns of DCIS
Histopathology of high-grade DCIS
Histopathology of microinvasive ductal carcinoma in situ
Immunohistochemistry with calponin in ductal carcinoma in situ
Histopathology of ductal carcinoma in situ with comedo necrosis
Pie chart of incidence and prognosis of histopathologic breast cancer types
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See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
