Syringoma

Syringoma is a benign, or non-cancerous, adenoma (a type of tumor) that arises from eccrine sweat glands. These small, flesh-colored or yellowish bumps are most commonly found on the lower eyelids and cheeks, although they can appear anywhere on the body where sweat glands are present. Syringomas are more prevalent in women and typically first appear during adolescence or adult life.

Etiology

The exact cause of syringoma is unknown, but it is believed to be related to genetic factors and possibly hormonal changes, as they often appear during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause. There is no direct link to sweat gland dysfunction, despite the tumor's origin in eccrine glands.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Syringomas present as small (1-3 mm in diameter), firm, rounded bumps on the skin. They are typically asymptomatic but can cause cosmetic concern for some individuals. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the appearance of the lesions. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis, revealing characteristic ductal structures surrounded by fibrous tissue in the dermis.

Treatment

Treatment of syringoma is often sought for cosmetic reasons, as the condition is benign and does not cause physical discomfort. Options include:

• Laser therapy, such as CO2 or erbium lasers, which can effectively reduce the appearance of syringomas by vaporizing the lesions.
• Dermabrasion, which involves the mechanical sanding down of the skin's surface.
• Cryotherapy, the application of extreme cold to destroy abnormal tissue.
• Electrocautery, using heat from electric current to remove the lesions.
• Topical treatments, including retinoids and trichloroacetic acid, though these are less effective.

Prognosis

Syringomas are benign and do not pose a threat to health. However, they can recur after removal, and new lesions may develop over time. Regular follow-up with a dermatologist may be recommended for cosmetic management.

Epidemiology

Syringoma affects individuals of all races and ethnicities, with a higher incidence reported in women. The condition can occur at any age but is most commonly diagnosed in young adults.

See Also

• Adenoma
• Sweat gland
• Dermabrasion
• Laser therapy