Medullary carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma is a type of cancer that originates from the medulla of various organs. It is most commonly associated with the thyroid gland, but can also occur in the breast, colon, and other organs.
Overview[edit | edit source]
Medullary carcinoma is a distinct type of cancer that is characterized by the production of calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels in the body. This type of cancer is often associated with certain genetic syndromes, such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2).
Types[edit | edit source]
There are several types of medullary carcinoma, including:
- Medullary thyroid carcinoma: This is the most common type of medullary carcinoma. It accounts for about 4% of all thyroid cancers and is often associated with MEN2.
- Medullary breast carcinoma: This is a rare type of breast cancer that is characterized by a distinct cellular pattern.
- Medullary colon carcinoma: This is a rare type of colon cancer that is often associated with a better prognosis than other types of colon cancer.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of medullary carcinoma can vary depending on the organ affected. Common symptoms can include a lump in the neck (for thyroid medullary carcinoma), changes in bowel habits (for colon medullary carcinoma), or changes in the breast (for breast medullary carcinoma).
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of medullary carcinoma often involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and biopsy. Genetic testing may also be performed, particularly for individuals with a family history of medullary carcinoma or MEN2.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for medullary carcinoma typically involves surgery to remove the tumor. Additional treatments, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy, may also be used depending on the stage and location of the cancer.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for medullary carcinoma can vary depending on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the individual's overall health. Early detection and treatment can improve the prognosis.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
