Aberrant basal-cell carcinoma
Aberrant Basal-Cell Carcinoma
Aberrant basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare form of basal-cell carcinoma, which is the most common type of skin cancer. Unlike typical basal-cell carcinoma, which usually occurs on sun-exposed areas of the skin, aberrant BCC can appear in unusual locations and may exhibit atypical clinical and histological features.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Basal-cell carcinoma originates from the basal cells, which are found in the deepest layer of the epidermis. Aberrant BCC may arise due to genetic mutations, environmental factors, or a combination of both. The exact pathogenesis of aberrant BCC is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve similar molecular pathways as typical BCC, including mutations in the PTCH1 gene and activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Aberrant BCC can present in a variety of ways, often mimicking other skin conditions. It may appear as a non-healing sore, a red patch, a shiny bump, or a scar-like area. The atypical location and appearance can make diagnosis challenging. Common sites for aberrant BCC include areas not typically exposed to sunlight, such as the scalp, genitals, or even internal organs in rare cases.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of aberrant BCC involves a combination of clinical examination and histopathological analysis. A biopsy is usually performed to confirm the diagnosis. Histologically, aberrant BCC may show unusual features that can be confused with other skin neoplasms, necessitating careful examination by a dermatopathologist.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The treatment of aberrant BCC is similar to that of typical BCC and may include surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, cryotherapy, or topical treatments such as imiquimod. In cases where surgery is not feasible, radiation therapy or systemic treatments like vismodegib, a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor, may be considered.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for aberrant BCC is generally good, especially when detected early and treated appropriately. However, due to its atypical presentation, there may be a delay in diagnosis, which can lead to more advanced disease and a higher risk of recurrence.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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