Bowen's disease

Bowen's disease is a type of skin cancer that is characterized by the slow-growing, persistent red, scaly patch on the skin. It is named after the American dermatologist, Dr. John T. Bowen, who first described the condition in 1912. Bowen's disease is also known as squamous cell carcinoma in situ.

Etiology

The exact cause of Bowen's disease is unknown. However, several risk factors have been identified, including chronic sun exposure, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, immunosuppression, and exposure to arsenic.

Clinical Features

Bowen's disease typically presents as a well-demarcated, erythematous, scaly patch or plaque. It is most commonly found on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face, neck, and hands. However, it can occur anywhere on the body. The lesion is usually asymptomatic, but it may be pruritic or tender.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Bowen's disease is confirmed by skin biopsy. Histologically, it is characterized by full-thickness dysplasia of the epidermis with preservation of the basement membrane.

Treatment

The primary treatment for Bowen's disease is surgical excision. Other treatment options include cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and topical chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil or imiquimod.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Bowen's disease is generally good. However, if left untreated, it can progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma, which can metastasize and be life-threatening.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for Bowen's disease include sun protection, HPV vaccination, and avoidance of arsenic exposure.

See Also

• Skin cancer
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Human papillomavirus
• Skin biopsy

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