Actinic cheilitis

A condition affecting the lips due to sun exposure

Actinic cheilitis is a condition characterized by damage to the lips due to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. It is considered a form of actinic keratosis and is a precancerous condition that can potentially lead to squamous cell carcinoma.

Signs and symptoms

Actinic cheilitis affecting the lower lip

Actinic cheilitis primarily affects the lower lip, which is more exposed to sunlight than the upper lip. The condition is marked by:

• Dryness and cracking of the lips
• Loss of the sharp border between the lip and the skin (vermilion border)
• Whitish discoloration or thickening of the lip
• Development of scaly patches or ulcers
• Sensitivity or pain in the affected area

Causes

The primary cause of actinic cheilitis is chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UVB rays, from sunlight. Other contributing factors may include:

• Fair skin, which is more susceptible to UV damage
• Outdoor occupations or activities that increase sun exposure
• Lack of protective measures, such as sunscreen or lip balm with UV protection

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of actinic cheilitis is typically made through clinical examination. A biopsy may be performed to rule out the presence of squamous cell carcinoma or other malignancies. The biopsy involves taking a small sample of tissue from the affected area for microscopic examination.

Treatment

Treatment options for actinic cheilitis aim to remove or reduce the precancerous tissue and may include:

• Cryotherapy: Freezing the affected tissue with liquid nitrogen
• Topical chemotherapy: Application of creams such as 5-fluorouracil
• Photodynamic therapy: Using light-activated drugs to destroy abnormal cells
• Laser therapy: Using laser to remove damaged tissue
• Surgical excision: Removing the affected area surgically

Prevention

Preventive measures are crucial in managing actinic cheilitis and include:

• Regular use of lip balm or sunscreen with high SPF
• Wearing a wide-brimmed hat to shade the face
• Avoiding sun exposure during peak hours
• Regular check-ups with a dermatologist, especially for individuals with a history of actinic cheilitis or skin cancer

Prognosis

With early detection and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for actinic cheilitis is generally good. However, if left untreated, there is a risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma, which requires more extensive treatment.

Related pages

• Actinic keratosis
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Ultraviolet radiation
• Skin cancer