Adenosine A2A receptor

Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is a type of adenosine receptor that is encoded by the ADORA2A gene in humans. It is a G protein-coupled receptor that is involved in various physiological processes, including the regulation of myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow.

Structure

The A2AR is a member of the large superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. It is characterized by seven transmembrane domains, an extracellular N-terminus, and an intracellular C-terminus. The receptor is coupled to the Gs alpha subunit, which, when activated, stimulates the production of cyclic AMP.

Function

The A2AR is highly expressed in the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical nuclei in the brain responsible for motor control and learning. It is also found in the immune system, where it plays a role in regulating immune response. Activation of the A2AR can have various effects, depending on the tissue and cell type. In the brain, it can modulate neurotransmitter release, while in the immune system, it can inhibit inflammatory responses.

Clinical significance

The A2AR has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and chronic heart failure. It is also a target for potential treatments for these conditions. For example, A2AR antagonists are being investigated for their potential to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.

See also

• Adenosine receptor
• G protein-coupled receptor
• Parkinson's disease

References

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