Cyclic AMP

Cyclic AMP (cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes. cAMP is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway.

Structure

Cyclic AMP is a cyclic nucleotide derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is one of the most common second messengers. Its structure consists of an adenine nucleotide bound to ribose, a pentose sugar. The sugar is further bound to a single phosphate group that is bound to another phosphate group via an ester bond.

Function

Cyclic AMP is involved in the activation of protein kinases and regulates the effects of adrenaline and glucagon. It also regulates the passage of calcium ions through ion channels and glycogen metabolism. The production of cAMP is mediated by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase, which is activated by various hormones and neurotransmitters via G-protein coupled receptors.

Role in human health

Cyclic AMP plays a key role in human health and disease. It is involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including immune responses, sense of smell, depression, and tumour progression. Abnormal levels of cAMP are associated with various disorders such as heart failure, asthma, and certain types of cancer.

See also

• Adenosine triphosphate
• Adenylyl cyclase
• G-protein coupled receptors
• Protein kinase