Adenylyl cyclase
Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP
Adenylyl cyclase is an important enzyme in the cell signaling pathways of many organisms. It catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and pyrophosphate. cAMP is a crucial second messenger involved in transmitting signals from extracellular stimuli to intracellular responses.
Structure[edit | edit source]
Adenylyl cyclase is a membrane-bound enzyme that typically consists of two transmembrane domains, each containing six membrane-spanning helices, and two cytoplasmic domains that form the catalytic core. The catalytic domains are responsible for the conversion of ATP to cAMP.
Function[edit | edit source]
Adenylyl cyclase plays a key role in the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway. When a ligand binds to a GPCR, it activates a G protein, which in turn activates adenylyl cyclase. The activated adenylyl cyclase then converts ATP to cAMP, which acts as a second messenger to activate downstream signaling pathways, such as the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway.
Regulation[edit | edit source]
The activity of adenylyl cyclase is regulated by various factors, including G proteins, calcium ions, and phosphorylation. Different isoforms of adenylyl cyclase can be activated or inhibited by different G proteins, allowing for fine-tuned regulation of cAMP production in response to different signals.
Isoforms[edit | edit source]
There are multiple isoforms of adenylyl cyclase, each with distinct regulatory properties and tissue distribution. These isoforms allow for specific responses to different signals in various tissues.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Dysregulation of adenylyl cyclase activity can lead to various diseases, including heart failure, depression, and certain types of cancer. Understanding the role of adenylyl cyclase in these conditions can help in the development of targeted therapies.
Related pages[edit | edit source]
Gallery[edit | edit source]
Structure of adenylyl cyclase
Adenylate kinase
Adenylyl cyclase
Beta adrenergic receptor kinase
Adenylyl cyclase structure
Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase
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