Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Found in all forms of life, ATP is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer.

Structure

ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups. The phosphate groups, in particular, carry a negative charge, which means that they repel each other and the molecule has a high amount of potential energy.

Function

ATP is used as a source of energy for many different processes that occur in living cells. It is used to power the movement of muscles, to transmit nerve impulses, and to produce proteins. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids.

Production

ATP is produced by several different methods in cells. These include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. In plants, ATP is also produced during photosynthesis.

Use in Medicine

ATP has been used in medicine for a variety of purposes. It is used as a medication to treat some heart conditions, and it is also used in some types of diagnostic testing.

See Also

• Adenosine diphosphate
• Adenosine monophosphate
• Energy
• Metabolism

References

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