Adenosine diphosphate ribose

Adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADP-ribose) is a molecule that plays a significant role in various biological processes. It is a derivative of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and ribose, a type of sugar.

Structure and Synthesis

ADP-ribose is composed of an adenosine molecule attached to two phosphate groups and a ribose sugar. The synthesis of ADP-ribose is catalyzed by the enzyme ADP-ribosyltransferase, which transfers the ADP-ribose group from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to a target protein.

Function

ADP-ribose plays a crucial role in several cellular processes, including DNA repair, gene regulation, and cell signaling. It is involved in the process of ADP-ribosylation, a post-translational modification of proteins that regulates their function. In addition, ADP-ribose serves as a precursor for the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose, a molecule that acts as a second messenger in calcium signaling.

Role in Disease

Alterations in the metabolism of ADP-ribose have been associated with various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammation. For instance, mutations in the genes encoding ADP-ribosyltransferases can lead to the development of certain types of cancer. Moreover, the accumulation of ADP-ribose has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

See Also

• Adenosine triphosphate
• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
• Poly ADP ribose polymerase