Adiponitrile

Adiponitrile is an organic compound with the formula NC(CH₂)₄CN. It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in some organic solvents. Adiponitrile is a key monomer in the synthesis of certain nylons, particularly Nylon 6-6. The production of adiponitrile involves the electrochemical dimerization of acrylonitrile, and it can also be produced through the hydrocyanation of butadiene.

Production

The two main methods for the production of adiponitrile are the electrochemical dimerization of acrylonitrile and the hydrocyanation of butadiene. The electrochemical process involves passing acrylonitrile through an electrolytic cell, where it undergoes dimerization. The hydrocyanation process, on the other hand, involves the addition of hydrogen cyanide to butadiene in the presence of a catalyst.

Uses

Adiponitrile is primarily used in the production of Nylon 6-6, a type of polyamide used in various applications such as textiles, plastics, and automotive components. To convert adiponitrile into Nylon 6-6, it first undergoes hydrogenation to form hexamethylenediamine, which is then combined with adipic acid to produce the nylon.

Safety and Environmental Concerns

Adiponitrile is toxic and can be absorbed through the skin, causing irritation and potentially more severe health issues upon prolonged exposure. It is also hazardous to the environment, particularly aquatic life, due to its toxicity and potential to cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

See also

• Nylon
• Polymerization
• Organic synthesis