Adventism

Adventism is a Christian religious movement primarily characterized by its emphasis on the imminent Second Coming (or "Second Advent") of Jesus Christ. Originating in the 19th century in the United States, the movement has grown to encompass a number of Christian denominations, the largest of which is the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Adventism is rooted in the Millerite movement of the 1840s and has a theological foundation in Premillennialism, which is the belief in Christ's literal reign on earth for a thousand years after His second coming.

History

The origins of Adventism can be traced back to the teachings and predictions of William Miller, a Baptist preacher who, after studying the Bible, predicted that Christ would return in 1843 or 1844. This period, known as the Millerite movement, ended in disappointment for its followers, an event later termed as the "Great Disappointment" when the predicted Second Coming did not occur. Despite this setback, a group of Miller's followers continued to study the Bible and eventually concluded that Miller had been correct in his biblical calculations but wrong about the nature of the event that was to occur. This led to the formation of what would become the Adventist movement, with a renewed focus on the Second Coming and an emphasis on observing the Sabbath on Saturday, as opposed to Sunday.

Beliefs and Practices

Adventists hold a number of beliefs that distinguish them from other Christian denominations. These include the observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week, as the Sabbath; an emphasis on the imminent return of Jesus Christ; a holistic understanding of human nature (including the belief in the conditional immortality of the soul); and a strong focus on health and well-being, with many Adventists adhering to a vegetarian or vegan diet and abstaining from alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs.

The Second Coming

Central to Adventist doctrine is the belief in the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. Adventists believe that this event will be literal, visible to all, and global in impact. The Second Coming is seen as the culmination of human history and a time of final judgment, after which the righteous will inherit eternal life.

The Sabbath

The observance of the Sabbath from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday is a key aspect of Adventist practice. This observance is rooted in a literal interpretation of the creation week in the Book of Genesis and the Fourth Commandment, which commands Sabbath rest. Adventists believe that the Sabbath is a time for rest, worship, and fellowship.

Health and Diet

Adventists are known for their emphasis on health and wellness, which is often referred to as the "health message." The denomination operates a number of hospitals and health-related institutions around the world. Many Adventists follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, based on the belief that this is the most healthful way of living and in accordance with biblical principles.

Organizations and Institutions

The Seventh-day Adventist Church is the largest Adventist denomination, with millions of members worldwide. The church operates a significant educational system, including Andrews University and Loma Linda University, as well as a global network of hospitals and health care facilities. Other Adventist denominations include the Advent Christian Church and the Church of God (Seventh Day).

Controversies and Criticisms

Adventism has faced criticism and controversy from both within and outside the movement. Some of the criticisms relate to the church's teachings on the investigative judgment, the role of Ellen G. White (a co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church) as a prophetess, and its stance on certain social issues. Despite these challenges, Adventism has continued to grow and evolve as a significant Christian movement.