Agitoxin

Agitoxin is a neurotoxin produced by the scorpion species Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus, also known as the Israeli yellow scorpion. This toxin is a potent potassium channel blocker, which can lead to severe symptoms in those stung by the scorpion.

Structure and Function

Agitoxin is a small protein composed of 38 amino acid residues. It is cross-linked by three disulfide bonds and is highly stable due to its compact, globular structure. The toxin binds to the outer mouth of the potassium channel, blocking the passage of potassium ions and disrupting the normal function of the neuron.

Clinical Significance

The blockade of potassium channels by agitoxin can lead to a variety of symptoms, including severe pain, tachycardia, hypertension, and in severe cases, respiratory failure. Treatment typically involves the administration of antivenom, which contains antibodies that neutralize the toxin.

Research Applications

Due to its potent and specific action on potassium channels, agitoxin has been used as a research tool in the study of these channels. It has also been used in the development of new drugs for the treatment of neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases.

See Also

• Scorpion venom
• Neurotoxin
• Potassium channel