Agrippina the Elder

Agrippa wearing Naval Crown

Statua del Germanico

Benjamin West 001

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Arte romana, gran cammeo della ste chapelle con esaltazione della dinastia giulio-claudia, 23 dc ca., livia maggiore, druso cesare e agrippina

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Bronze sestertius with the head of Agrippina the Elder, daughter of Agrippa and Julia, the daughter of Augustus

Agrippina the Elder (14 BC – 18 October AD 33) was a prominent figure in the Julio-Claudian dynasty of the Roman Empire. Born into the powerful Julian family, she was the granddaughter of Augustus, the first Roman Emperor, through her mother, Julia the Elder. Agrippina's marriage to Germanicus, a popular general and nephew of Tiberius, further elevated her status within the empire. She is best known as the mother of Caligula, the third Roman Emperor, and as a grandmother of Agrippina the Younger, who was the mother of Nero, the fifth Roman Emperor. Her life was marked by her assertive nature and her tragic end, which has been a subject of historical interest and debate.

Early Life

Agrippina the Elder was born to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder, the only daughter of Emperor Augustus. Her early life was shaped by her illustrious lineage, which connected her to some of the most powerful figures in Roman history. She was raised in a household that was at the center of political power in Rome, which likely influenced her ambitious personality.

Marriage and Family

In 5 BC, Agrippina was married to Germanicus, her second cousin once removed, in a union that was both politically advantageous and personally affectionate. Together, they had nine children, though only six survived to adulthood. These included Nero Julius Caesar, Drusus Caesar, Gaius Caesar (better known as Caligula), Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla, and Julia Livilla. Through her children, Agrippina was connected to the future of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.

Political Influence and Exile

Agrippina was known for her strong will and political acumen. Following the death of Germanicus in AD 19, possibly by poisoning, she became embroiled in a bitter feud with Tiberius and his Praetorian Prefect, Sejanus. Her outspokenness and the popularity of her late husband made her a significant political figure, but also a target for her enemies. In AD 29, she was exiled to the island of Pandateria (modern Ventotene) by Tiberius, where she lived in harsh conditions.

Death

Agrippina's death on 18 October AD 33 was under circumstances that suggest starvation, possibly self-imposed or as a result of maltreatment. Her demise marked the tragic end of a woman who had navigated the treacherous waters of Roman politics with courage but ultimately fell victim to the machinations of her adversaries.

Legacy

Agrippina the Elder's legacy is complex. She is remembered as a devoted mother and a formidable figure who challenged the male-dominated political sphere of her time. Her life and death exemplify the volatility of power dynamics in ancient Rome, especially for women of the imperial family. Through her offspring, she left an indelible mark on Roman history, particularly through Caligula and Agrippina the Younger.